Berkelium Element Facts - Atomic Number 97 or Bk

Berkelium Element Facts - Atomic Number 97 or Bk Berkelium is one of the radioactive manufactured components made in the cyclotron at Berkeley, California and the one that respects crafted by this lab by bearing its name. It was the fifth transuranium component found (after neptunium, plutonium, curium, and americium). Heres an assortment of realities about component 97 or Bk, including its history and properties: Component Name Berkelium Nuclear Number 97 Component Symbol Bk Nuclear Weight 247.0703 Berkelium Discovery Glenn T. Seaborg, Stanley G. Thompson, Kenneth Street, Jr., and Albert Ghiorso delivered berkelium in December, 1949 at the University of California, Berkeley (United States). The researchers assaulted americium-241 with alpha particles in a cyclotron to yield berkelium-243 and two free neutrons. Berkelium Properties Such a little amount of this component has been delivered that next to no is thought about its properties. The greater part of the accessible data depends on anticipated properties, in view of the components area on the occasional table. It is a paramagnetic metal and has one of the least mass modulusâ values of the actinides. Bk3 particles are fluorescent at 652 nanometers (red) and 742 nanometers (dark red). Under conventional conditions, berkelium metal accept hexagonal evenness, changing to a face-focused cubic structure under tension at room temperature, and an orthorhombic structure upon pressure to 25 GPa. Electron Configuration [Rn] 5f9â 7s2 Component Classification Berkelium is an individual from the actinide component gathering or transuranium component arrangement. Berkelium Name Origin Berkelium is articulated as BURK-lee-em. The component is named after Berkeley, California, where it was found. The component californium is additionally named for this lab. Thickness 13.25 g/cc Appearance Berkelium has a customary sparkly, metallic appearance. It is a delicate, radioactive strong at room temperature. Softening Point The softening purpose of berkelium metal is 986  °C. This worth is underneath that of neighbor component curium (1340  °C), yet higher than that of californium (900  °C). Isotopes The entirety of the isotopes of berkelium are radioactive. Berkelium-243 was the primary isotope to be created. The most steady isotope is berkelium-247, which has a half-existence of 1380 years, in the long run rotting into americium-243 by means of alpha rot. Around 20 isotopes of berkelium are known. Pauling Negativity Number 1.3 First Ionizing Energy The first ionizing vitality is anticipated to be around 600 kJ/mol. Oxidation States The most widely recognized oxidation conditions of berkelium are 4 and 3. Berkelium Compounds Berkelium chloride (BkCl3) was the primary Bk compound delivered in adequate amount to be noticeable. The compound was orchestrated in 1962 and weighed roughly 3 billionths of a gram. Different mixes which have been created and considered utilizing x-beam diffraction incorporate berkelium oxychloride, berkelium fluoride (BkF3), berkelium dioxide (BkO2), and berkelium trioxide (BkO3). Berkelium Uses Since so little berkelium has ever been created, there are no known employments of the component as of now beside logical exploration. A large portion of this examination goes toward union of heavier components. A 22-milligram test of berkelium was combined at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and was utilized to make component 117 just because, by assaulting the berkelium-249 with calcium-48 particles at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Russia. The component doesn't happen normally, so extra examples must be delivered in a lab. Since 1967, a little more than 1 gram of berkelium has been delivered, altogether! Berkelium Toxicity The poisonousness of berkelium has not been all around examined, yet its safe to accept it presents a wellbeing danger whenever ingested or breathed in, because of its radioactivity. Berkelium-249 produces low-vitality electrons and is sensibly protected to deal with. It rots in alpha-radiating californium-249, which remains moderately ok for taking care of, however brings about free-radical creation and self-warming of the example. Berkelium Fast Facts Component Name: BerkeliumElement Symbol: BkAtomic Number: 97Appearance: Silvery metalElement Category: ActinideDiscovery: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1949) Sources Emsley, John (2011). Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.Peterson, J. R.; Fahey, J. A.; Baybarz, R. D. (1971). The precious stone structures and cross section boundaries of berkelium metal. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 33 (10): 3345â€51. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(71)80656-5Thompson, S.; Ghiorso, A.; Seaborg, G. (1950). The New Element Berkelium (Atomic Number 97). Physical Review. 80 (5): 781. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.80.781Thompson, Stanley G.; Seaborg, Glenn T. (1950). Compound Properties of Berkelium. OSTI Technical Report doi:10.2172/932812